Colombia - General

Colombia is named after Christopher Columbus, is the world's leading emerald producer, and is the second most biodiverse country on Earth, hosting more orchid species than anywhere else. It is also home to the world's tallest wax palm trees, the "rainbow river" Caño Cristales, and is famous for its coffee, salsa music, and the national sport of Tejo. 

Nature and geography

• Colombia is the second most biodiverse country globally and is considered "megadiverse".
• It is the only country in South America with coastlines on both the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea.
• The country has more bird species than all of Europe and North America combined and is home to more species of orchids than any other country.
• Colombia has diverse ecosystems, including parts of the Amazon rainforest and the Andes mountains, which allow for a wide variety of flora and fauna.
• Caño Cristales, often called the "river of five colors," is located in Colombia and is famous for its vibrant aquatic plants. 

Culture and traditions

• The national sport is Tejo, a game where players throw metal discs at a target to try and hit explosive gunpowder targets.
• Colombians have a rich musical heritage, with unique styles such as Cumbia, Vallenato, and Salsa.
• The country is known for its vibrant dance culture and hosts one of the world's largest salsa festivals in Cali.
• Colombia has numerous public holidays and festivals, including the Carnival of Barranquilla, one of the largest in the world.
• The national anthem is played twice every day on television and radio. 

Economy and products

• Colombia is the world's leading producer and exporter of emeralds, accounting for a large percentage of the global market.
• It is the third-largest coffee producer in the world, known for its high-quality coffee beans.
• The country is also a major exporter of oil, coal, and gold. 

Other facts

• The capital, Bogotá, is one of the highest capital cities in the world, situated at over 2,600 meters (8,500 feet) above sea level.
• Due to its location near the equator, the country experiences only a dry season and a wet season, rather than four distinct seasons.
• The country is named after the Italian explorer Christopher Columbus.